U.S. Military Identifies Advanced Authentication Tech to Root Out Counterfeit Electronics

U.S. Military Identifies Advanced Authentication Tech to Root Out Counterfeit Electronics

The DoD is gravitating toward advanced authenticating technologies as a means to root out counterfeit electronics in the U.S. military.

Counterfeit electronic parts are a well-documented problem in the military supply chain. At the time of a 2012 Senate Armed Services Committee report that brought the issue to the forefront, over a million counterfeit electronic parts had entered the U.S. military supply chain. The year-long investigation behind the report found 1,800 cases of counterfeits within military systems, ranging from thermal weapon sights to computers to airplanes.

The dangers of fake parts go without saying: Counterfeits not only threaten U.S. national security, but also endanger the lives of servicemen. So what steps is the Department of Defense (DoD) taking to forestall this problem?

A number of firms have developed advanced technologies that aim to authenticate genuine parts and root out counterfeits. Let’s look at a few of the projects for which the government has chosen to see where we might be heading in terms of amelioration.

DNA marking

When you think of computer chips, the first thing that comes to mind probably isn’t plant DNA. But that’s where the Pentagon’s procurement arm, the Defense Logistics Agency, is turning. DLA has contracted biotechnology firm Applied DNA Sciences to rearrange DNA from plants into unique sequences that are encrypted and attached to chips and other electronic components to distinguish authenticity.

Users simply shine a light on the part in question, on which a mark will light up to confirm the existence of the DNA. A quick swab of mark is then submitted for DNA analysis, which determines whether the part is genuine.

If an individual attempts to tamper with the chip in any way, it will distort or remove the DNA mark. The smudged or missing mark should immediately trigger a red flag for whoever is inspecting the part.

Optical scanning

Sometimes the best innovations are the byproducts of other innovations. That’s what happened with optical scanning.

The army originally brought on ChromoLogic LLC for a separate project looking at DNA’s tagging and tracking capabilities. The goal of the research was to find out if a barcoding system could be used with the DNA to improve security.

However, ChromoLogic researchers discovered that optical scanning technology developed to tag and track the DNA code also was capable of distinguishing an authentic part from a counterfeit by reading the component’s surface layer. Because counterfeit parts are forged primarily by altering the surface layer, optical scanning takes as little as one second.

SHIELD

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s (DARPA) Supply Chain Hardware Integrity for Electronics Defense (SHIELD) program is in the process of developing a small “dielet” that can verify the authenticity of electronic components.

Manufacturers insert the dielet into a component during production without compromising the part’s performance or design. A user can later employ a hand-held probe to provide power to the dielet. The dielet’s serial number uploads to a server, which sends back an encrypted message and data that could indicate tampering.

The goal, according to DARPA Program Manager Kerry Bernstein, is to “build the world’s smallest, highly integrated computer chip.” Success for this program, he says, means that any untrained operator along any point in the supply chain would be able to check and authenticate any component used by the Department of Defense or the commercial sector.

These three advanced authenticating technologies offer promising solutions to this widespread problem compromising the U.S. military supply chain. Which will prevail — if any? With counterfeits infiltrating the system at an alarming pace, the firms developing these technologies have a weighty task in front of them.

This post originally appeared on EBN Online.

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5 Reasons Why Manufacturers Who Focus on Customer Experience Will Win

5 Reasons Why Manufacturers Who Focus on Customer Experience Will Win

Manufacturers who listen and focus on customer experience and service will win in the battle to increase revenue and company size.

This post comes to us from Kevin Jessop of Cerasis, a top freight logistics company and truckload freight broker.

Manufacturers have always struggled to know their customers. But, modern businesses have grown to encompass an omnichannel sales opportunity. Customers can place orders online, by phone, in person and in nearly any other means desirable. Unfortunately, this means manufacturers face an even greater challenge, as more customers translate into greater use of customer service.

In addition, customers are continuing to demand lower prices and free shipping. But, our predictions’ post noted how manufacturers are having trouble with transforming customer input into responsiveness and enhancements to the customer experience. Those who do achieve this feat can realize significant increases in revenue and high returns. But, how do manufacturers turn their focus to the customer experience?

1. Determine What Customers Want Today.

Modern technologies can give manufacturers real-time insight into the ways products are moving in retail and online environments. But, patterns today do not necessarily reflect the needs for tomorrow. As a result, manufacturers must be wary of overproduction and focus on providing the products customers want now, not tomorrow. In other words, manufacturers need analytics from point-of-sale systems, transportation metrics and more. Furthermore, companies must extend the buying cycle to get as much information as possible from consumers.

2. Lengthen the Buying Cycle Through Interaction.

Remember the catch-phrase, “Do you want fries with that?” Well, that concept holds true in the supply chain and for manufacturers alike. Consumers may not always go for what you are offering, but they want you to offer more than you have. Essentially, this creates a stronger level of customer service, and it can turn into additional purchases. More importantly, it gives manufacturers a chance to find out more about what the customer wants.

For example, a customer is a shoe store may purchase shoes, but if offered a new brand of socks, he or she refuses. During the ensuing conversation, the representative finds out that the socks have gathered a bad reputation on social media.

While this example is a bit extreme, it highlights how a longer buying cycle can translate into insights for manufacturers. In addition, a longer buying cycle naturally improves the company’s reputation.

3. Partner With Appropriate Businesses.

Businesses are often grouped into a broad category of competitors, but businesses can work to help manufacturers become more responsive to their consumers. This can include offering like products in package deals, compiling changes in like demographics or sharing information to reduce costs across the scope of both companies’ transportation networks. In fact, manufacturers can collaborate with third-party logistics providers (3PLs), like Cerasis, to realize the benefits of collaboration and taking advantage of business-to-business (B2B) sales through integration of systems, explains Louis Columbus of Supply Chain 24/7.

Essentially, every interaction with another business increases the possible customer base by both the number of employees in the new business and the number of customers working with that specific business. As you go through the chain of business, the opportunity for enhancing customer experiences grows.

4. Take Extra Care of B2B Partners.

B2B sales are more fickle than business-to-customer sales. According to a Gallup study, reports Chief Executive, more than 70 percent of B2B companies are facing setbacks and decreases among their B2B partners because of lacking customer engagement. Since B2B sales often take place behind the public’s perception of the economy, it is important that manufacturers work to create engaging relationships through content-driven, digital experiences. This can include videos demonstrating how products work, informative blog posts that provide something free and helpful to customers and beyond. Of course, the same concept of using digital technology to engage customers can be applied to B2C sales channels as well.

5. Be There for Customers After the Sale.

We have all experienced that disheartening feeling when calling customer service and getting lost or frustrated with the lack of service offered. Manufacturers need to be present to their customers after the sale because the level of customer service provided will be shared widely on social media. More importantly, poor customer service or inability to help customers with product issues or questions will gain a huge following much faster than a positive comment.

For example, manufacturers could send out emails for high-tech products that will require updates, or they may create online video banks to teach customers how to use the products easily. The opportunity for creativity in engaging current and future customers is only limited by your imagination!

Listening to What Customers Say is the Key to a Positive Customer Experience.

These steps go back to one thing, listening. Your company should listen to what internet-connected devices are saying about customers. You should listen to what your B2B partners are saying about your products and customers. Listen to what stakeholders, employees and B2C customers are saying. If you take the time to listen, you can meet the growing expectations of a modern customer base that wants a higher level of service than past generations. Ultimately, manufacturers who do listen and focus on customer experience and service will win in the battle to increase revenue and company size.

This post originally appeared on Cerasis’ blog.

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Faster, More Flexible, Cheaper: The New Electronics Manufacturing Mantra

Faster, More Flexible, Cheaper: The New Electronics Manufacturing Mantra

Impact of Pulling out of the Paris Climate Agreement on Manufacturing & Transportation

Impact of Pulling out of the Paris Climate Agreement on Manufacturing & Transportation

This post comes to us from Kevin Jessop of Cerasis, a top freight logistics company and truckload freight broker.

The Paris Climate Agreement. Let those words hang for a moment.

Throughout the course of the 2016 election and now the Trump Administration, many Americans have expressed dissatisfaction with the Paris Climate Agreement. True to campaign promises, the new Administration has started the process of removing the U.S. from the agreement, which has major implications for supply chains and shippers around the globe. While the Trump Administration’s impact on supply chains has been discussed previously on Cerasis’ blog, the president’s decision to leave the agreement has shocked the industry, and you need to understand why and what is really going to happen over the next four years.

What Is the Current State of the U.S. in the Paris Climate Agreement?

This may come as a shock, but the Paris Climate Agreement has only been in force since November 4, 2016. As a result, the U.S. has not yet enacted changes under the agreement. The only measure that would have fallen under the Agreement’s terms is the continuation of Customs and Border Protection’s (CBP) rules for maritime statutes.

Lawmakers would have likely passed new legislation to increase environmental scrutiny of supply chains and shippers over the next few years. Moreover, the U.S. would have sent monies to Convention of Countries within the Agreement to help fund eco-conscious goals. The Administration’s actions indicate such changes are not likely to occur, but they could still happen. But, how?

What Is the Timeline for Withdrawal?

The full text of the Paris Climate Agreement is available online through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Article 28 defines the process through which a member of the original Convention may withdraw from the Agreement, and it is a surprise to many to learn that the new Administration cannot simply flip a switch.

Article 28 states that any country wishing to withdrawal may only do so after three years have passed since the agreement went into force. Since the enforcement date was November 4, 2016, a country cannot submit a notification of withdrawal until November 4, 2019. Now, there is another side of the withdrawal.

To prevent countries from withdrawing due to political changes and safeguard the longevity of the planet, any withdrawal still requires a one-year term from the date of notification. In other words, the Administration cannot effectively withdraw from the agreement until at least November 4, 2020.

The 2020 Presidential Election is scheduled for November 3, 2020. This means that if President Trump follows through with submitting a notification of withdrawal in 2019, actual withdrawal will not occur until the day after the 2020 election. Therefore, the question becomes, “How would a notification of withdrawal play out during the election? And if so, will it help or hurt his chances or re-election?”

The precedent for polarization during the previous election cycle indicates President Trump will proceed with plans to withdraw the U.S. from the Agreement when the time comes. The June announcement is merely a call to action to prepare for withdrawal over the next few years. So, what does that mean to both domestic and international supply chains?

The Impact of Withdrawal on Supply Chains.

There are only three countries on the planet, counting the U.S. intention to withdraw, that are not part of the agreement now. This means that every foreign-originating business transaction with U.S. manufacturers, distributors or other partners, except for Syria and Nicaragua, will be at risk. The governments of other countries may look unfavorably at working with U.S. companies due to the new Administration’s plans.

Multiple big-business empires, ranging from Facebook to Goldman Sachs, have condemned the move to withdraw. According to BBC News, part of their rationale is simple. The changes the Agreement dictates reflect existing concerns and actions that many U.S. businesses, including shippers, have already undertaken. Even ExxonMobil, a company whose previous CEO holds the title of Secretary of State, urged the new Administration to remain in the Agreement.

These major companies have already invested time and money in energy-efficienct, eco-conscious programs, and many of their business-to-business partners have followed the same pattern. With the overwhelming majority of the world’s countries committing to this cause, there will be an opening of the “floodgates for businesses, scientists and engineers to unleash high-tech, low-carbon” technologies. As a result, the U.S. could fall further behind the global engineering and science goal, which helps all businesses succeed. In other words, domestic companies may have a more difficult time finding the labor or technologies needed to maintain profitability in the interim.

Is There a Much Darker Side to Withdrawal?

Without getting into a discussion on the science behind global warming, it is important to note things that have happened that may continue if global warming continues. For example, sea levels had risen 2.6 inches from 1993 to 2014, reports the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). If left unchecked, numerous ports, businesses, cities and whole seaboards could be lost in the next few decades. To ensure stability and growth along long-term goals, this is a risk that must be mitigated immediately.

The rising sea level is a fact in the heavily disputed conversation about global climate change.

For shippers and supply chains, the risk of not doing anything is too great. Thus, the new Administration means well, but withdrawing from the Agreement is not a change that will impact businesses before 2020. Furthermore, the backlash from the public toward companies that abandon eco-conscious goals could be severe. Shippers could face higher tariffs and additional troubles in shipping goods domestically or abroad.

It is in your company’s best interest to pursue energy-efficiency goals, including working with well-known partners, like Cerasis, to help you reduce waste, eliminate redundancy and continue making healthy profits throughout the future, regardless of who sits in the Oval Office.

This post originally appeared on Cerasis’ blog.

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Drones – A “Buzz” Kill to Supply Chain Optimization?

Drones – A “Buzz” Kill to Supply Chain Optimization?

Despite significant technological advancement, drones may have a limited impact on supply chain optimization in the near future.

This article is part of a series of articles written by MBA students and graduates from the University of New Hampshire Peter T. Paul College of Business and Economics.

From the military designs of the early 20th century to modern commercial development in 2017, drones have been making their presence widely known in the market. While military drones may have paved the way for commercial drone development, they have quite different purposes.

Drones provide much value, where traditional alternatives (such as helicopters or planes) fall short. Drone usage in supply chain optimization is still in its infancy. However, I am not convinced that drones are the solution going forward.

Note: For my analysis, I will be focusing on commercial drone usage in the supply chain.

A Timeline of Major Military Drone Development

  • 1918: Kettering Bug. First modern drone concept used as a “flying bomb.”
  • 1935: DH82B Queen Bee. Used as target practice for anti-aircraft weapon training.
  • 1964: Lightning Bug 147SC. Used for surveillance.
  • 2001: MQ-9 Reaper. Used as a hunter predator.

Source

Drones provide many advantages, such as mobility, cost effectiveness, ability to move goods, and camera technology. Although drone development is rapidly advancing, many challenges currently exist. Limited battery life, constrained operational range, collision liability, proneness to hacking, and even invasion of privacy are all legitimate challenges.

Commercial Drone Fast Facts

  • Made of light composite materials.
  • Typically have two to five rotors.
  • Controlled by either remote control or GPS.
  • Flight time ranges, but generally falls between 12-27 minutes.
  • Battery powered.
  • Operational range varies from 200 meters to 7 kilometers.

Current Drone Usage in the Supply Chain

Large retailers such as Walmart and Amazon are already investing significant capital in drone technology. On December 6, 2016, Amazon successfully completed its first beta trial of drone package delivery, called Prime Air, in Cambridge, U.K.

Here’s how it works:

  • Customers place their orders online as usual.
  • The package is prepped at the regional fulfillment center.
  • Drones are then dispatched from the center with the package.
  • Customers place QR codes on their property to indicate the drop-off point.
  • The package is delivered at the customer’s address within 30 minutes.
  • The drone is operated by GPS and handles up to five pounds of cargo.

To reinforce this effort, Amazon is currently expanding Prime Air in other parts of the U.K., France, Germany, and Italy. In addition, the company is seeking up to 1,300 small warehouse locations across Europe, with a prioritization for facilities near urban areas.

Walmart, on the other hand, is taking a different approach to managing their supply chain. Instead of focusing on package delivery, Walmart is testing the use of drones to monitor inventory in their warehouses.

Employees currently catalog merchandise with hand-held scanning devices and often need to use forklifts in the warehouse. Instead, the drone could move up and down the shelves cataloging inventory at a much quicker rate. Walmart claims that the drones “could help catalog in as little as a day what now takes employees about a month.” This program is expected to begin in at least one distribution center in 2017.

What about Legal Issues?

In the United States, commercial drone usage is still pretty limited. Below is a highlight of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) commercial drone regulations.

  • Must have a Remote Pilot (no GPS allowed).
  • Must be less than 55 lbs.
  • Must undergo pre-flight check.
  • Must keep aircraft in sight.*
  • Must fly under 400 feet.*
  • Must fly during the day.*
  • Must not fly over people.*
  • Must not fly from a moving vehicle.*

*Indicates that these regulations can be waived.

Supply chain drone usage in the United States is currently limited due to these regulations. In the future, I expect many of these regulations to ease or change outright with advancements in drone technology. When this will occur is unknown.

However, other countries such as the United Kingdom are quicker to enact regulations by virtue of the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). As a result, companies like Amazon have already been testing drones for supply chain optimization there.

Significant Hurdles

Although drone technology is gaining much media attention, there are legitimate challenges to drone commercialization in the supply chain.

While many legislative bodies attempt to develop drone regulations, concrete legislation is lacking in many countries due to fluid technological changes. In order for the market to fully develop, a legislative framework needs to be established. Companies will be reluctant to invest significantly in drone technology until legal parameters are established.

Another challenge is in regard to insurance and liability. With potentially thousands of (unmanned) drones flying only hundreds feet above the ground, insurance will surely be required. In the event of a drone collision with individuals, property, aircraft, or other drones, who then is liable? If the drone is piloted by a human, would he/she be liable? On the other hand, if the drone is GPS-enabled, would the technology be to blame? Surely some of these questions will be answered in contracts between insurance companies and suppliers, but with such uncertainty, premiums will undoubtedly be high.

Then there’s the question of rural vs. urban delivery. Amazon Prime Air is predominately testing drone delivery in rural areas. However, 80.7% of U.S. and 90.1% of the U.K. population live in urban areas.

Package deliveries in urban areas are via mailbox, left by the door, or hidden (to avoid theft). In other words, human judgement is used to deliver the package most appropriately. For customers in large apartment buildings, drone delivery is very limited. Perhaps these limitations could be offset with designated landing areas on rooftops, despite the fact that additional effort by the customer may be needed to retrieve the package.

Last, but certainly not least, is the impact of weather conditions. Wind, rain, snow, and extreme cold/heat all impact drone performance. Since current drones are not very heavy, any significant wind will 1) blow the drone around making it harder to control, and 2) use additional battery life to remain stable. Since drones incorporate many electronic components, rain and snow increase the chance of malfunction.

Furthermore, most drones utilize Lithium Polymer batteries — these batteries are prone to weaker performance in extreme cold and heat. According to Batteryuniversity.com, most Li-ion batteries stop functioning below -4°F.  Additionally, battery performance is reduced 40% at 104°F and 50% at 113°F. The combination of all these weather conditions certainly provides logistical challenges for drone delivery and supply chain usage.

Is There Any Hope for Drones in the Supply Chain?

The short answer is yes, but in a limited manner.

With the logistical and technological challenges regarding drone delivery, I just can’t see e-commerce firms effectively managing the process outside of rural areas with optimal weather conditions. In the future, this could change, but it would require significant legal, technological, and customer adjustment for the process to be superior over the current state.

However, drones open other opportunities for supply chain optimization, such as warehouse inventory management (as with Walmart), infrastructure monitoring, surveying, or even security. For example, shipping firms such as FedEx or UPS could utilize drones to monitor traffic and optimize drivers’ routes based on real-time data. Additionally, energy companies could use drones — as opposed to helicopters or planes — to monitor pipelines. Finally, engineers could use drones to inspect dams, highways, and buildings more efficiently.

I have no doubt that the drone market will continue to expand. According to Visualcapitalist.com, by 2025, the U.S. economy is expected to see an increase of $82 billion and creation of at least 100,000 jobs. However, their impact to supply chain optimization remains vague to me.

About the Author

Matt Steckowych graduated from the University of New Hampshire in 2011, with a B.S. in Business Administration and is currently enrolled in the part-time M.B.A. program. He is a Salesforce.com Administrator at John Hancock in Portsmouth, NH.

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Emerging Trends in Automation: What it Means to Supply Chains

Emerging Trends in Automation: What it Means to Supply Chains

This post comes to us from Adam Robinson of Cerasis, a top freight logistics company and truckload freight broker.

Imagine a world where automation comes together with technology to deliver products without human intervention. An order is placed by a consumer. 3-D printers pick up the details and print the finished product. It’s then picked by robots from the shelves, packaged and placed into a self-driving truck. The trucks leave the facility, and drones are automatically dispatched from the truck to deliver products while moving. The truck never stops until arriving for reloading.

This example generates a huge amount of data that can leverage in the supply chain. But, the same data can have a drastic impact on transportation planners and agencies around the globe. While this example may still be a few years off, it is important that you understand how the top emerging trends in automation will shape supply chains and transportation processes in the coming years.

The Standard Definition & Components of Automation

Today: There is a standard definition of automation in the supply chain. Anything that can be handled via today’s computer systems can be automated. This includes billing, generation of bills of lading, compliance reports, and even movements throughout a factory or warehouse floor.

Historically, automation has been applied to virtual processes, like order auditing or customer service reports. However, the trends in automation are changing to reflect actions that function more like artificial intelligence, not just a search and locate program on the computer.

Additive Manufacturing

What is it?

Additive manufacturing includes all actions in the supply chain that can enhance existing factory production, if not replace it entirely. Additive manufacturing may be handled manually, but automating this process is as simple as turning on the power and connecting to the Internet of Things (IoT).

For example, additive manufacturing might involve the use of 3-D printers to create replacement parts at the store for consumers.

Today’s status: Unfortunately, the capacity of 3-D printers remains in infancy, capable of only producing simplified parts out of liquid polymers.

Virtual Reality Comes to the Forefront.

Meanwhile, Google Glass and other virtual reality tech are changing how customers complete their orders. In addition, the same technology can be overlaid with augmented reality to give repair technicians and individuals greater resource access when making repairs, checking order contents and fulfilling orders.

For example, augmented reality glasses will soon detect package dimensions and classify the package according to dimensional pricing models.

Today’s Status: Today, this technology is limited to automated identification and data capture (AIDC) applications. Advancements in virtual reality over the past year indicate its future might be much closer than “meets the eye.”

Additive manufacturing will gradually move products from warehouses and distribution centers to be closer to end-users. As a result, the amount of last-mile traffic may increase.

Robotics Enhance Inbound and Outbound Logistics for Shippers.

Another trend in automation involves robotics. By definition, robotics are the icons of automation. They perform functions at the request of a system or person, but more of today’s robotic systems are performing duties upon request from an order fulfillment system.

The order process automatically notifies robots in warehouses and triggers the flow of processes as seen in the opening example.

Robotics Improve Inbound and Outbound Logistics.

Robotics are not isolated to warehouse pulling for outbound logistics. They can be used to manage inbound and outbound processes and strategy. Through trends in automation and robotics, supply chain companies will have the tools and resources necessary to ramp up throughput and decrease product cycle from order to delivery. Therefore, more trucks and drivers will be needed, but the looming driver shortage and capacity crunch will trigger another automation trend.

Autonomous Vehicles/ Trucks

Automation begets automation. With advances in technology and the IoT, most major companies, including Uber, Facebook, Google, and Amazon, have launched autonomous vehicle and truck pilot programs.

These driverless vehicle programs will give supply chains access to a new inexhaustible resource for moving products, overcoming the challenges inherent in the driver shortage and capacity crunch.

The driver shortage and capacity crunch are likely to come to a head in 2017, as consumers demand more product, at lower costs and faster than ever before.

Some setbacks have occurred, like the first self-driving car wreck earlier this year. With each setback and challenge, companies have pushed back to overcome the obstacles.

In response to increased interest in driverless vehicles and trucks, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) has issued recommendations and created an advisory panel to review ongoing driverless vehicle advancements and maintain public safety.

Transporters and supply chains will respond to this direction by leveraging the trends in automation and power of data to ensure compliance with increased government oversight, through the agencies you represent.

Companies have already tested cross-country driverless trucks, albeit with a person ready in the cab to take over in the event of a system failure. However, the wide-scale deployment of this level of driverless trucks is far from implementation.

In the interim, more automated vehicle systems will work in tandem with drivers to enhance safety and maintain vehicle control. Similar systems are already deployed in crash and pedestrian detection systems, automated braking and tracking control in today’s vehicles. It is not difficult to apply today’s technology and automated features to the fleets and drivers of 2017.

Trends in Automation: Whats the Potential?

The potential applications of this type of technology can include real-time traffic condition monitoring and warnings, redirecting traffic before pile-ups and accidents occur, similar to Google Maps’ capacity to show traffic congestion in real-time.

Data through such systems can automatically feed back into transportation planners’ systems to automatically change signal phase and timing and enable immediate rerouting or adjustment of traffic flow on a broader scale.

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